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"I am still interested in the basis for your chronology of the Babylonian / Assyrian empire.   You seem to be missing 120 years of the Medio - Persian Empire."

Warm Regards,
Wstruse
____________________________________________________________
continued

XERXES l (22 years) AM 3678 - AM 3700 (BC 374 - BC 352)

Queen Esther AM 3684 (BC 368)

ARTAXERXES (40 years) AM 3700 - AM 3740 (BC 352 - BC 312)
(AKA Longimanus)

In the 7th year of King Artaxerxes, Ezra came up to Jerusalem:
AM 3700 + 6 years = AM 3706.

In the 20th year of Artaxerxes, Nehemiah is sent to Jerusalem: AM 3700
+ 19 years = AM 3719 to rebuild the walls.
AM 3719 + 2300 years = AM 6019 (AD 1967); the year Jerusalem was
retaken by Israel.

XERXES ll (1 year) AM 3740 - AM 3741 (BC 312 - BC 311)

DARIUS ll (19 years) AM 3741 - AM 3760 (BC 311 - BC 292)

ARTAXERXES ll (46 years) AM 3760 - AM 3806 (BC 292 - BC 246)

ARTAXERXES lll (20 years) AM 3806 - AM 3826 (BC 246 - BC 226)

ARSES (2 years) AM 3826 - AM 3828 (BC 226 - BC 224)

DARIUS lll (6 years) AM 3828 - AM 3834 (BC 224 - BC 218)
"The Persian"


NEXT: KINGDOM OF THE GREEKS
ALEXANDER "The Great"


SHALOM!
   Ray    

"I am still interested in the basis for your chronology of the Babylonian / Assyrian empire.   You seem to be missing 120 years of the Medio - Persian Empire."

Warm Regards,
Wstruse
___________________________________________________________
The 112 missing years actually appear in the Kingdom of the Greeks.



In the 38th year of Captivity (AM 3578 + 38 = AM 3616), in the 3rd year
of King Belshazzar's reign (14 years) AM 3613 + 3 = AM 3616,
(BC 436), the 58th year of Daniel's Captivity), I, Daniel had a vision, after the one that had already appeared to me.
I saw the vision, and it so happened while I was looking, that I was in
Shushan, the citadel, which is in the province of Elam; and I saw in the
vision that I was by the River Ulai. (in Persia)
Then I lifted my eyes and saw, and there standing by the river, was a
Ram which had two horns, and the two horns were high; but one was
higher than the other, and the higher one came up last.
[DANIEL 8:1-3]

     "MENE, MENE, TEKEL UPHARSIN"
Then Belshazzar gave the command, and they clothed Daniel with
purple and put a chain around his neck, and made a proclamation
concerning him that he should be the third ruler in the kingdom.
[DANIEL 5:25 -29]
And Darius the Mede received the kingdom, being about 62 years old.
V.30 That very night Belshazzar, king of the Chaldeans, was slain.
AM 3613 - AM 3627 (14 years) BC 439 - BC 425.

Medo-Persian Empire (207 years) AM 3627 - AM 3834 (BC 425 - BC 218)

CYRUS  (6 years) AM 3627 - AM 3633 (BC 425 - BC 419). In Cyrus'
first year, he issued the decree to rebuild the Temple.

DARIUS (6 years) AM 3627 - AM 3633 (BC 425 - BC 419).

DANIEL (1 year ) AM  3627 - AM 3628 (BC 425 - BC 424). In Cyrus'
second year, the 70th year of Daniel's "Captivity," the Foundation of
the Temple ll was laid. It was not until 20 years later AM 3648 (BC 404),
that it was completed under DARIUS l, "The Great", in his 6th year.

DARIUS l (36 years) AM 3642 - AM 3678 (BC 410 - BC 374)
(Father of Ahaseurus - XERXES l (22 years) AM 3678 - AM 3700
(BC 374 - BC 352)
[See Queen Esther, AM 3684 (BC 368)]



KINGDOM OF THE GREEKS (next)

  SHALOM!
    Ray

                               KINGDOM OF THE GREEKS

Seleucid Syrian Dynasty: (190 years) AM 3834 – AM 4024
(BC 218 – BC 28)

  “The Kings of the North”  (Dan. 11:1)

Background: Also in the first year of Darius the Mede (6 years)
AM 3627 - AM 3633 (BC 425 - BC 419), even I, stood up to confirm and
strengthen him. [See DAN. 5:31]
"And now I will tell you the truth: Behold, 3 more kings will arise in Persia,
and the 4th shall be far richer than them all; by his strength through his
riches, he shall stir up all against the realm of Greece.

1.) CAMBYSES ll (8 years) AM 3633 - AM 3641 (BC 419 - BC 411).
(Son of Cyrus)

Pretender; of Smerdis (8 mos); [Deceased Son of Cyrus]
AM 3641 - AM 3642 (BC 411 - BC 410)

2.) DARIUS "The Great" (36 years) AM 3642 - AM 3678 (BC 410 - BC 374)
(Father of Ahaseurus~Xerxes l)
Temple ll completed his 6th year, AM 3642 + 6 = AM 3648 (BC 404).

3.) XERXES (22 years) AM 3678 - AM 3700 (BC 374 - BC 352)
[See Queen Esther, AM 3684 (BC 368)]

[Haman; (AM 3685 (BC 367) + 2300 years = AM 5985 (AD 1933), Hitler.]
[Mordecai; raised to king, AM 3690 (BC 362).]

4.) ARTAXERXES l (40 years) AM 3700 - AM 3740 (BC 352 - BC 312).
(Aka Longimananus)

AM 3700 + 2300 years = AM 6000 (AD 1948); Restoration of Israel
AM 3700 + 6 years = AM 3706 (BC 346); In the  7th year of Artaxerxes,
Ezra came to Jerusalem.
AM 3700 + 19 years = AM 3919 (BC 333); In the 20th year of Artaxerxes
Nehemiah is sent to Jerusalem to rebuild the walls.
AM 3719 + 2300 years = AM 6019 (AD 1967); the year Jerusalem was
retaken by Israel.

The Macedonian
    Philip ll: (1 year) Regent AM 3804 – AM 3805 (BC 248 – BC 247)
                (23 years) King AM 3805 – AM 3828 (BC 247 – BC 224)

    Alexander (6 years) AM 3828 – AM 3834 (BC 224 – BC 218)  
(l Mac. 1:1)
     (Son)

The last Persian King  (l MACHABEES. 1:1)
    Darius lll (6 years) AM 3828 – AM 3834 (BC 224 – BC 218)
    
    Alexander, who first reigned in Greece, coming out of the land of Cethim, had overthrown Darius, king of the Persians and Medes.
(l Mac. 1: 8)
  continued

SHALOM!
  Ray  



  
    

    
  
    
    




    




    



  

























    

ALEXANDER THE GREAT AM 3834 - AM 3840 (BC 218 - BC 212)

“Then a mighty king will appear, who will rule with great power and do as he pleases. After he has appeared, his empire will be broken up and parceled out toward the four winds of heaven. It will not go to his descendants, nor will it have the power he exercised, because his empire will be uprooted and given to others.” (Dan. 11: 3,4)
… And he called his servants the nobles that were brought up with him from his youth, and he divided his kingdom among them, while he was yet alive. (l Mac.1: 7)

1.) Lysimacus
2.) Cassander
3.) Seleucid
4.) Ptolemy

SELEUCUS l (28 years) AM 3840 - AM 3868 (BC 212 - BC 184)
(Nicator)

ANTIOCHUS l (18 years) AM 3868 - AM 3886 (BC 184 - BC 166)

SHALOM!
  Ray  

ANTIOCHUS l (18 years) AM 3868 - AM 3886 (BC 184 - BC 166)

ANTIOCHUS ll (16 years) AM 3886 - AM 3902 (BC 166 - BC 150)
(Theos)
Wife; Berenice lll, daughter of Ptolemy ll. [He, his wife, and his son,
Lysimacus were all poisoned.

[Antiochus ll lived 3 years longer than Ptolemy ll. AM 3886 - AM 3902,
Ptolemy ll AM 3863 - AM 3899.]

SELEUCUS ll (16 years) AM 3902 – AM 3918 (BC 150 – BC 134)
(Callinicus)
His sons; Seleucus lll & Antiochus lll
[He was beaten by Ptolemy lll (25 years) AM 3899 - AM 3924
(BC 153 - BC 128); who returned to Egypt with great booty.]

SELEUCUS lll (4 years) AM 3918 – AM 3922 (BC 134 – BC 130)
(Ceraunus)
Son of Seleucus ll; brother of Antiochus lll

ROME DOMINATES:
    
ANTIOCHUS lll (36 years) AM 3922 – AM 3958 (BC 130 – BC 94)
“The Great”
    [Paid tribute to Rome.] l Mach. 8: 6-7
  
Continued

SHALOM!
  Ray  

continued

                            ROME DOMINATES
    
ANTIOCHUS lll (36 years) AM 3922 – AM 3958 (BC 130 – BC 94)
    “The Great”
[Paid tribute to Rome.] l Mac. 8: 6-7
Son of Seleucus ll; Brother of Seleucus lll
Daughter ~ Cleopatra l
Son ~ Antiochus lV “The Wicked Seed”
[Beaten by Ptolemy lV AM 3924 – AM 3941 (17 years) at Raphia.]

SELEUCUS lV (12 years) AM 3958 – AM 3970 (BC 94 – BC 82)
    (Philopator)    

ANTIOCHUS lV (12 years) AM 3970 – AM 3982 (BC 82 – BC 70)
    “The Illustrious”
Son of Antiochus lll “The Great”
Uncle of Ptolemy Vl
[The 137th year in the Kingdom of the Greeks; l Mac. 1:11]
[So King Antiochus died in the year 149, l Mac. 6:16]
Antiochus lV pictures the ANTICHRIST, he sacrificed a female unclean animal) upon the alter of Zeus erected over G-D’s alter. The sacrifice to G-D was to be a clean, male animal.
      (See Levitical laws on clean and unclean.)

    “THE ABOMINATION OF DESOLATION” AM 3978 (BC 74).
Jesus was crucified in AM 4082 (AD 30), age 34; in the year AM 6060 (AD 2008) – 3978 = AM 2082 (BC 1970), Isaac, age 34; the promised seed.
It is interesting to note that in AM 4060 (AD 8), when Jesus went to the Temple at age 12, it is exactly 2000 years (or “2 days”) to AM 6060
(AD 2008).

ANTIOCHUS V (2 years) AM 3982 – AM 3984 (BC 70 – BC 68)
(Eupator)  [l Mac.6: 17]
Invades Judea, ll Mac.13: 1

DEMETRIUS l (9 years) AM 3984 – AM 3993 (BC 68 – BC 59)
    (Sotor)     [The 151st year in the Kingdom of the Greeks.]  l Mac. 9
Son of Seleucus [l Mac. 7: 1-4]

ALEXANDER l (7 years) AM 3993 – AM 4000 (BC 59 – BC 52)
  (Balas)       [The 160th year in the Kingdom of the Greeks.] l Mac 10:1
He was married to Cleopatra AM 3995 – AM 4000 (BC 57 – BC 52). He died 3 days before Ptolemy lX.  Before Ptolemy lX died, he gave his daughter, Cleopatra, to Demetrius ll.
    
DEMETRIUS ll (5 years) AM 4000 – AM 4005 (BC 52 – BC 47)
  (Nicator) [The 167th year in the Kingdom of the Greeks.] 1 Mac 11:19
    Son of Demetrius l,

ANTIOCHUS Vl (6 years) AM 4005 – AM 4011 (BC 47 –BC 41)
    (Dionysus)
    Son of Demetrius ll, honors Simon

ANTIOCHUS Vll (10 years) AM 4011 – AM 4021 (BC 41 – BC 31)
    (Sidetes)    [  
    
ARISTOBOLUS (3 years) AM 4021 – AM 4024 (BC 31 – BC 28)
(Preceptor to Ptolemy)  [The 188th year in the Kingdom of the Greeks.] ll Mac.1:10

PTOLEMY XV  (2 years) AM 4022 – AM 4024 (BC 30 – BC 28)
    (Caesarion)


                                THE ROMAN EMPIRE

AUGUSTUS CAESAR (40 years) AM 4024 – AM 4064 (BC 28 – AD 12)
    (Octavian)

    SHALOM!
       Ray

    






    

Hello Ray,

Sorry for the delay in my response. You stated:




The missing years are actually from the kingdom of the Persians.   WikiPedia has a pretty balanced description of both sides of the debate.  Not all Jewish authorities agree with the Seder Olam Rabbah version of the chronology upon which your post is based.   The following Jewish scholars wrote extensively on the discrepancy.  

The following is from wekipedia----



Continued

Isaac Newton in his Chronology of Ancient Kingdoms Amended ( p.357), states the following concerning the missing years of the Jewish chronology:

"Some of them took Herod for the Messiah, and hence were called Herodians,"  .....They seem to have grounded their opinion on the 70 weeks, which they reckoned from the 1st year of Cyrus (!).  But afterwards, in applying the prophecy to Theudas, and Judas of Galilee. and at length to Bar Cochab, they seem to have shortened the reign of the Kingdom of Persia."

I understand the claims of both sides of this debate.  In my original question to you,  what I am really interested in is what do you believe is the basis for your chronology.  How to you establish a point of synchronization between the Jewish chronology you have posted and our modern calendar?  

There are literally hundreds of astronomical records many of which specifically mention the name and years of a king in relation to a specific astronomical event.   In the following posts I will provide several specific records from the original cuneiform texts as found at Babylon and Nineveh.  These quotes come from Richard Stephenson’s book “ Historical Eclipses and Earth’s Rotation.   Also, in the table below is the Babylonian and Persian chronology including the Persian kings left out by the traditional Rabbinic chronology.  As noted by Isaac Newton and others the missing years are a direct result of a misapplication of the 70 weeks vision by early rabbinic chronologists.  They, through successive periods of reinterpretation, “eclipsed” the later part of the kingdom of Persia.  

The Behistun Inscription, other historical cylinders, inscriptions and other astronomical records similar to the ones I will be posting all leave little doubt as to the fact there were several Persian kings left out of the Rabbinic chronology.  

Warm Regards,
William Struse

Please note in the quotes below that the astronomical records that give “SE” are from the Seleucus era.  They used the calendar as found in the book of Maccabees, Rabbinic writings and Josephus.   The Seleucus ear began in the year 311/312 BC.  I have only included a few of the astronomical records that specifically mention a Seleucus year dating or a specific year of a Babylonian or Persian king.  Please note that these eclipse records can easily be calculated today.   We know precisely when these events took place.

“Year 121(SE), King An(tiochus), month XII, 29 solar eclipse beginning on the north-west side.  In 15 deg day  […] over a third of the disk was eclipsed.  When it began to become bright, in 15 deg day from north-west to east it became bright.  30 deg total duration.  [During this eclipse], east (wind) went.  During this eclipse […], Venus, Mercury and Saturn [stood there].  Towards the end of becoming bright, Mars  rose (?)  The other planets did not stand there.  (Began) at 30 deg (=) beru after sunrise.  [Trans. Sachs and Hunger 1989, p. 315).]”


BC 731 Apr9
“1,50 Year 1 Ukin-zermonth I, [lunar eclipse] which passes (sa DIB). (Began) at 1,0 (i.e. 60) deg after sunrise”


BC 247 Sep 7

“[D]iary for the year 65 (SE), king Antiochcus…..[month V].  GThe 28th, 74 deg after sunrise, solar eclipse (at)5 months’ distance; when I watched I did not see it (ki PAP NU IGI).

“ SE 175, [king] Arsaces, [month XII2].  The 29th, at 24 deg after sunrise, solar eclipse;  when it began on the south and west side, […] [Ven]us, Mercury  and the Normal stars were visible; Jupiter and Mars, which were in their period of invisibility, were visible in its eclipse […] it threw off (the shadow) from west and south to north and east;  35degonset, maximal phase and clearing; in its eclipse, the north wind which was set [to the west? side blew…].”

BC 322 Pep 26

“Year 2 of (king) Philip…..(month VI)….The 28th, around 3 deg before sunset, solar eclipse (ana  SU samas AN-KU)  [….] gust west and north wind.  It set eclipsed”
BC 281 Jan 30

“ Year 30 (SE), kings Seleucus and Antiochus….(month X) … The 29th, [solar] eclipse; when the Sun came out 9i.e. rose),  2 fingers were obscured on the south side; at 6 deg daytime,  […] 20 deg daytime onset and clearing; during its eclipse, the north wind which was slanted to the […] blew; during its eclipse, Mars, Venus……”

Continued....

BC 170
“Year 142 (SE) of the kings An(tiochus) and An(tiochus) his son, month IV 28 solar eclipse, beginning on the north-west side.  In 12 deg day it made one third of the disk.  (Began) at 20 deg day before sunset.”

BC 166
“[Y]ear 146, [king] Antiochus [month I, end…solar eclipse].  In 13 deg of day more than one-third of the disk…..”

BC 322 Sep 26
“Year 2 of (king) Philip, (month VI).  The 28th, around 3 deg before sunset, solar eclipse […..]…..it set eclipsed.”

BC 281
“Year 30 (SE) …. (month X).  The 29th[solar] eclipse; when the Sun came out (i.e.rose), 2 fingers were obscured on the south side; at 6 deg daytime, [….]….20 deg day onset and clearing…..”


Lunar Eclipses


BC 666 Apr 10/11
“[Samas-sum-ukin], year 2, month I, beginning (?) on [south-east(?)].  (Began)at 3 deg after sunset.”

BC 212 Oct 24/25
“ Year 100 (SE), king Antiochus (III).  Month VII 15 moonrise to sunset;  3 deg, measured.  Lunar eclipse, beginning on the north-east side. 2 fingers were lacking to totality.  (Began) at 28 (or 27?) deg after sunset.”

BC 686 Apr 21/21
“ [Se]nnacherib [year3] month II(?)….5] months [….] beginning on the [noth-] east side. 2/3of the disk […] west (wind) went.  (Began at) 1,40 (=40) deg after sunset. Month VI”

BC 523
“Year 7 (Kambyses), month IV, night 14, 1-2/3 beru (=50 deg) after sunset, the Moon makes a total eclipse,  (but) a little is left over; north (wind) went.”

BC 522 Jan 9/10
“ Year 7 (Kambyses), month X, night 14, 2-1/2 beru (=75 deg)  to sunrise are left over, the Moon makes a total eclipse.  South and north, clouded, went.”

BC 163 Mar 30/31
“ [Year 148 (SE) king Antiochus IV/V, month XII 15….], cloudy, measured.  During the whole night cirrus clouds (?).  3 deg after Boo culminated […] From south to west it became bright, 20 deg total duration.  During this eclipse the sky was overcast…..During this eclipse north wind….[…] before sunrise.  On the 15th sunrise to moonset 5,30 (=5-1/2) deg.”

BC 695  Apr 30/May 1
“(Assur-nadin-sum), year 5, month II, 1 [0+x, not] complete, it set eclipsed.  (Began) at 30 deg before  sunrise.”